On the age of recent marine fauna in extreme and isolated biotopes (mainly on brachiopod data)

The obligate ( missing from different settings) species and genera of recent marine fauna dwelling in extreme ( high- latitudinal, deep- sea, hydrothermal) and isolated ( around islands, on mid- oceanic rises, in underwater caves) biotopes were never found in pre- Cenozoic sediments even tough they belong to ancient families. The prevalence of Pliocene - Pleistocene species and Miocene genera among these taxa suggests that they originated worldwide in the Cenozoic after stabilization of the Circum- Antarctic Current, when the Cenozoic thermohaline circulation pattern and the contrasting climatic regime were established on the planet.