https://library.naturalsciences.be Welcome to the Library of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/jeong_bimodal_2004 A computationally efficient bimodal moment model was proposed to describe simultaneous particle formation, coagulation, and surface growth. In the model framework, two discrete modes are introduced to represent a bimodal size distribution: one monodisperse mode accounting for the formation of new particles in the nucleation mode and the other accumulation mode for the growth of the larger particles. The size distribution of the accumulation mode could be approximated by a proper mathematical function. General formulation of the bimodal moment model is first presented, and a bimodal log-normal model (bi-LN model) is described by adopting a log-normal function for the accumulation mode. The prediction results of the proposed bimodal moment model were compared with those of a previous bimodal model and an accurate sectional model. It was demonstrated that the bi-LN model agreed well with the sectional model and correctly described the evolution of bimodal size distribution resulting from the coexistence of particle formation and coagulation. The bi-LN model was also shown to be capable of predicting the growth of particles involving simultaneous particle formation, coagulation and surface growth, which was validated by comparing with the simulation results by the moving sectional model. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2017-05-17T09:22:35Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/matsui_new_2009 A new microhylid, Kalophrynus yongi, Is described from the Cameron Highlands of Peninsular Malaysia. Morphologically, the new species differs from all known congeners by having a very stout forelimb with a humeral spine in males. Acoustically, it resembles K. baluensis and K. heterochirus and sharply differs from K. interlineatus, K. pleurostigma, K. palmatissimus, and K. nubicola. 2017-06-23T08:44:33Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/matsui_new_2011 : A new microhylid frog is described from Bario, Kelabit Highlands of the State of Sarawak, in the Eastern Malaysia of Borneo Island. Morphologically, the new species differs from all known congeners in the combination of small body size; short fourth finger without subarticular tubercle; absence of subarticular tubercles on fifth toe, and usually on first finger; presence of light lateral stripe and dark inguinal spot; absence of nuptial pads and outer metatarsal tubercles. Acoustically, the new species differs from all congeners whose calls have been reported, except for K. baluensis and K. yongi, with short unpulsed notes emitted intermittently. 2017-06-30T09:58:43Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/andersen_portable_1977 2017-05-17T09:42:33Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/knight-jones_review_1975 Janua (Dexiospira) brasiliensis and J. (D.) foraminosa are fully described for the first time and compared by a pictorial key with other species of Dexiospira and Pillaiospira. The former is very close to J. (D.) pseudocorrugata (=“Sptrorbis corrugatus”) and particularly to J. (D.) nipponica, whilst the latter occupies a central position in the group of five species (including J. (D.) steueri) which are characterized by having large four-lobed juvenile talons. Janua (Janua) pagenstecheri is the most widespread species of the genus, whereas J. (Leodora) knightjonesi seems to be confined to coral seas. In all, 14 species of Janua are recognized, whilst 19 names are here regarded as synonyms or varieties. Eleven other species sometimes placed in Dexiospira or Leodora should rather constitute the genera Circeis, Sinistrella and Romanchella. These are re-defined and their affinities are studied. The subgenus Dexiospira seems to be centred in the Indo-West Pacific, where it reaches maximum species-diversity and extension into cooler latitudes. J. (D.) pseudocorrugata var. mannarensis is pantropical and overlaps in the Mediterranean with the west European form and in the West Pacific with vars praeceps and fenestrata, and with subspecies ainu, which are characterized by small modifications of the tube or abdominal setae. 2017-10-04T12:39:45Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/gonzalez_sampling_1996 Abstract: A sampling method was designed to assess within-tree pre-emergent adult populations of Ips typographus in Belgium. In a first series of 6 standing, attacked trees, a large number of 1 dm2 samples (56–171 samples, according to tree) were collected and analysed. Sets of samples were selected at random with successive increments of one unit among the samples from each tree, and the mean numbers of beetles and standard deviations in each of these random sets were used to calculate changes in sampling precision as the number of samples in a set increased. For each tree, there was an excellent fit with a power function linking sampling error and number of samples in each set. Fifty random samples per tree allowed estimates of the mean with an error of 9–24\%. Further analysis of sample variation along and around the trunks showed that beetle density did not vary around but along the trunks, suggesting that sampling should not be totally random but should take into account longitudinal changes in beetle populations on attacked trees. At each level of each tree, sets of samples were selected at random with successive increments of one unit to calculate changes in sampling precision. At any level along the trunks, taking four 1 dm2 samples yielded estimates with an error inferior to 10\%. To validate the conclusions drawn from these results, eight other trees were then sampled at regular intervals along the trunk. A total of 43–56 samples were taken per tree, yielding estimates with a computed error of 9–13\% of the mean. Beetle density along the trunks was found to increase linearly along the basal portions of the infested stems (15\% of the infested stem), remain constant along the following 65\% of the infested stems, and decrease linearly along the terminal 20\%. Taking all this information into account, the total pre-emergent beetle population in each tree was estimated. Total beetle production per tree ranged from 35 000–72000. 2017-09-15T08:44:52Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/jeong_simple_2003 A simple and efficient particle dynamics model is developed accounting for simultaneous nucleation, coagulation, and coalescence or sintering of non-spherical particles. In this model two discrete monodisperse modes are used to represent the non-spherical particle size distributions approximately: a size-fixed nucleation mode and a moving accumulation mode. The size-fixed nucleation mode accounts for the introduction of newly generated particles and the moving accumulation mode characterizes the particle growth by coagulation and coalescence. The simulation results for Titania particle formation and growth using the proposed bimodal model are compared with those using the previous monodisperse non-spherical particle dynamics model and non-spherical polydisperse sectional model. The present bimodal model results in a very good agreement with the polydiserse sectional model even when particle nucleation coexists with coagulation process while the monodisperse model shows significant differences. It successfully predicts the morphological change of the non-spherical particles by coalescence. The present model is also shown to be capable of predicting the polydispersity of non-spherical particle distribution. The present non-spherical bimodal model requires The same level of the computation time that the simple monodisperse model does. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2017-05-17T09:14:41Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/geertsema_overview_2002 The Somabrachyidae consist of the following genera: Somabrachy; Kirby confined to northern Africa and Spain, Psycharium Herrich-Schaffer and Parapsycharium Geertsema endemic to South Africa and possibly Boisduvalodes Viette from Madagascar. The family is poorly known and research over the past decade has revealed more South African taxa. A historical review of the familial placement of Somabrachys and Psycharium indicates considerable confusion, often with Unsubstantiated subjective allocation. Based on some characters of phylogenetic importance, the relationship, of and within the Somabrachyidae are briefly discussed. The classificatory part includes references to familial descriptions, diagnostic features of Somabrachyidae and a description of the various life stages, the latter section largely based on S. aegrotus, supplemented by Psycharium, Parapsycharium and other undescribed taxa from South Africa. 2017-06-15T12:10:38Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/articlereference.2017-11-08.8392419206 2017-11-08T10:36:28Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/paerl_anthropogenically-derived_1999 Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (AD-N) to the North Atlantic Ocean (NAO) basin arises from pollution sources in North America and Western Europe; these sources have increased drastically (5-10-fold) since the Industrial Revolution and continue to increase in both geographic and depositional magnitude. Based on the estimates in this study, AD-N flux (11.2 Tg N yr-1) accounts for 46-57% of the total 'new' or anthropogenic nitrogen flux to the NAO. The ecological impacts of this N flux have been linked to eutrophication, which may be manifested most noticeably as harmful (toxic, hypoxia-inducing, food web-altering) algal blooms (HABs). Here, we examine the potential conceptual link between 'new' N loading from AD-N to apparent increases in HAB frequency documented for the North Atlantic and other AD-N impacted marine ecosystems. Anthropogenically-derived atmospheric nitrogen deposition, marine eutrophication and harmful algal bloom expansion: Is there a link?. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279556040_Anthropogenically-derived_atmospheric_nitrogen_deposition_marine_eutrophication_and_harmful_algal_bloom_expansion_Is_there_a_link [accessed Jun 22, 2017]. 2017-06-22T10:03:39Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/hammouda_apatite_2010 We have measured apatite solubility in calcic carbonatitic liquids and determined apatite/melt partition coefficients for a series of trace elements, including the rare earth elements (REE), high field strength elements (HFSE), Rb, Sr, U-Th-Pb. Experiments were performed between 4 and 6 GPa, from 1200 to 1380 degrees C, using the multianvil apparatus. Trace element concentrations were determined by laser ablation ICP-MS and electron microprobe. In addition, a specific protocol was designed to measure carbon concentration in the apatites, using the electron microprobe. Two starting apatite samples were used in order to test for the effect of apatite chemistry on partitioning behavior. Apatite solubility is lower in calcitic melts by a factor 3-5 compared to dolomitic melts (3-5.5 vs. 10-18 wt.\% P(2)O(5) in melt). We interpret this difference in terms of solubility product in the liquid and propose an empirical model for apatite saturation that takes into account melt calcium content. We conclude that calcitic melts that may form by melting of carbonated eclogites could be saturated with residual apatite, contrary to dolomitic melts formed in carbonated peridotites. Compatibility behavior of the REE depends on apatite silica content: REE are compatible in apatites containing 3.5-5 wt.\% SiO(2), with D(REE)(apatite/carbonatite) values between 1.5 and 4, whereas REE are incompatible in apatites containing 0.2wt.\% SiO(2). HFSE, U, Th, and Y are compatible in silica-rich apatite, with D(Th)(apatite/carbonatite) = 5 while D(Y)(apatite/carbonatite) = 2. Strontium is always retained in the melt, with D(Sr)(apartite/carbonatite) of the order of 0.5. Lead appears to be incompatible in apatite, although this finding is weakened by almost complete Pb loss to sample container. High silica concentration favors REE incorporation in apatite by allowing for charged balanced coupled substitution. Sulfur and carbonate may also favor REE incorporation in apatite. Our results allow to reconcile previously published experimental determinations of REE partitioning. We use our experimentally determined partition coefficients to investigate the impact of residual apatite during partial melting of recycled carbonated material (eclogite + sediments) and discuss how the chemical characteristics of the produced liquids can be affected by residual apatite. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2017-05-15T12:38:25Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/cugier_assessing_2010 The macrobenthic community of Mont Saint Michel Bay (English Channel, France) is mainly dominated by filter feeders, including cultivated species (oysters and mussels). An ecological model of the bay was developed, coupling a 2D hydro-sedimentary model and two biological models for primary production and filter-feeder filtration. The filter-feeder model includes three cultivated species (Mytilus edulis, Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis), one invasive species (Crepidula fornicata) and eight wild native species (Abra alba, Cerastoderma edule, Glycymeris glycymeris, La nice conchilega, Macoma balthica, Paphia rhomboides, Sabellaria alveolata, and Spisula ovalis). For cultivated and invasive species, the production of biodeposits was computed to assess their role in restimulating primary production. Chlorophyll a concentrations appeared to be strongly controlled by the filter feeders. When the pressure of each benthic compartment on phytoplankton was estimated separately wild species and the invasive slipper limpet C. fornicata were shown to be key elements in the control of primary production. Conversely, the role of cultivated species, particularly oysters, was weaker. Feedback due to the mineralization of biodeposits also appears to be crucial to fully evaluate the role of filter feeders in primary production. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2017-05-17T09:29:33Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/rydell_bat_2010 We reviewed published and unpublished written reports on bat mortality at wind farms in northwestern Europe. The estimated number of bats killed per turbine annually was relatively low (0-3) on flat, open farmland away from the coast, higher (2-5) in more complex agricultural landscapes, and highest (5-20) at the coast and on forested hills and ridges. The species killed almost exclusively (98\%) belonged to a group (Nyctalus, Pipistrellus, Vespertilio and Eptesicus spp.) adapted for open-air foraging. The bats were killed by the moving rotor blades as they hunted insects attracted to the turbines. This occurred independently of sex and age. Peak mortality varied considerably in frequency and timing among years, but the events usually (90\%) occurred on nights with low wind speeds in late July to early October and to a lesser extent (10\%) also in April-June. The mortality increased with turbine tower height and rotor diameter but was independent of the distance from the ground to the lowest rotor point. It was also independent of the size of the wind park (1-18 turbines). Bat species other than the open-air suite referred to above are usually not at risk at wind turbines, because they fly below the rotors, but are still killed occasionally (2\%). 2017-12-22T13:50:53Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/walter_behaviour_1995 Detailed petrographical, mineralogical and geochemical studies have been carried out on a weathering profile developed on the phosphate-rich carbonatite of Juquia (Brazil). Four weathering trends could be distinguished by means of the relationships between primary (apatites, dolomite, phlogopite, magnetite and barite) and secondary (apatites, gorceixite, wavellite, calcite and Fe-Mn-oxyhydroxides) minerals. Local isovolumetric and isoelemental weathering processes allowed us to estimate chemical mass balances within some weathering trends. Except for Al in one profile, all the major and trace elements are mobile and transferred as a result of weathering of the primary minerals. The REE patterns of each primary/secondary mineral show that the weathering processes fractionate LREE and HREE. Relationships between REE content and the water/rock ratio may explain the various REE contents and distribution curves exhibited by the secondary minerals. Precipitation of secondary minerals in open microsystems (i.e., veins and fissures) appears to be associated with REE depletion and fractionation. In contrast, crystallization of secondary minerals within the intragranular micropores may result in a significant preservation of the REE content and distribution of the primary minerals being replaced. Moreover, poorly crystallized and flaky secondary minerals act as traps for REE. 2017-10-11T07:57:26Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/banerjee_bioconcentration_1991 The log-log relationship between bioconcentration and hydrophobicity breaks down for several medium and high molecular weight solutes that bioconcentrate either to a small extent or not at all. Much of the failure is attributed to the relatively low solubility of these compounds in lipid. Inclusion of a term in octanol solubility (in place of lipid solubility, which is generally unavailable) considerably improves the quality of the relationship (r = 0.95). It is speculated that the octanol solubility term compensates for the relatively low solubility of large compounds in lipid. 2017-06-23T08:40:43Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/shang_biofilm_2014 Sediment particles are often colonized by biofilm in a natural aquatic ecological system, especially in eutrophic water body. A series of laboratory experiments on particle size gradation, drag coefficient and settling velocity were conducted after natural sediment was colonized by biofilm for 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. Particle image acquisition, particle tracking techniques of Particle Image Velocimetry and Particle Tracking Velocimetry were utilized to analyze the changes of these properties. The experimental results indicate that the size gradation, the drag force exerted on bio-particles, and the settling velocity of bio-particles underwent significant change due to the growth of biofilm onto the sediment surface. The study proposes a characteristic particle size formula and a bio-particle settling velocity formula based on the regression of experiment results, that the settling velocity is only 50\% to 60\% as the single particle which has the same diameter and density. However, biofilm growth causes large particle which the settling velocities are approximately 10 times larger than that of primary particles. These results may be specifically used in the low energy reservoir or lake environment. 2017-05-29T08:35:33Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/peven_caged_1996 An experiment to measure organic contaminant depuration by the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) was carried out by transplanting mussels in stainless steel cages from a known contaminated site in Dorchester Bay, Massachusetts to a documented clean site in Duxbury Bay, Massachusetts approximately 30 nmi south of the original collection site. A parallel contaminant uptake experiment was performed in which mussels from Duxbury Bay were collected and deployed in similar cages in Dorchester Bay. The bivalves were collected from each transplant site at set intervals over a period of 95 days to monitor the rates and selectivity of depuration and uptake, respectively, of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and chlorinated pesticides. In a related study, semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD: polyethylene bags) containing the lipid material triolein were deployed in Dorchester Bay and collected at the same frequency as the caged mussels to evaluate their effectiveness as models for estimating bioconcentration of target organic contaminants. At the Duxbury site, results suggest that the caged mussels depurated contaminants within 68 days to levels found in native animals at the site. At the Dorchester site, bivalves concentrated the contaminants to a level similar to the native M. edulis. PCB and DDT uptake rates were found to be similar between caged mussels and SPMDs; PAH uptake by the SPMDs was initially lower than by transplanted bivalves. PCB and PAH assemblages were noticeably different between bivalves and SPMDs deployed at the same site. 2017-10-04T13:10:47Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/zontine_canine_1975 2017-06-23T08:30:44Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/ruffo_cryptorchestia_2014 A new species of Talitridae, Cryptorchestia garbinii, is here described and illustrated. It was collected in Lake Garda in 1895 and initially identified by Adriano Garbini, one of the first Italian hydrobiologists, as Orchestia littorea; then as O. gammarellus in a second publication, and finally as O. bottae. In 1925, Spandl identified the specimens from Lake Garda and other localities in Europe, as O. cavimana while noticing some morphological differences with the specimens from Cyprus, the type locality of the species. These differences in taxonomic characters were disregarded or less considered by other authors over the years. Very recently, Lowry and Fanini included Orchestia cavimana in the new genus Cryptorchestia. In this paper, the populations from Lake Garda, Europe and the Balkan area are identified as a new species, named, in accordance with the new genus created by Lowry and Fanini, Cryptorchestia garbinii sp. nov. We ascribe to C. cavimana only the population from Cyprus. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:66EEE3AC-FC4A-4CA0-AE87-EF438A8AA239 2017-05-17T08:47:42Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/forshaw_dental_2014 What can the study of ancient teeth tell us about the dietary habits of our ancestors? Diet plays a prominent role in the organisation and evolution of human cultures and an increasingly diverse array of analytical techniques are available to help reconstruct diet in ancient populations. Dental palaeopathology is particularly important as it can provide direct evidence of the type of diet an individual consumed during life. Heavy occlusal tooth wear is the most frequent condition recognisable and an examination of both macro and microscopic patterns of wear can establish the differences between the hard fibrous diet typical of a hunter-gatherer, and a diet primarily consisting of softer plant foods consumed by an agriculturist. The distributions of trace elements and stable isotopes in food webs make it possible to use them as natural tracers of foodstuffs. Through a consideration of photosynthetic pathways, the ratios of the different stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen can determine which specific groups of plants and animals were dominant in the food chains of various populations - a fact that has been used to trace the spread of agriculture in ancient civilisations. 2017-05-17T12:00:28Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/murray_determination_1986 A statistical comparison was made between chlorophyll measurements made on a suite of marine samples by four methods. The methods were one complete and one rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, a fluorometric method and the traditional spectrophotometric method. Generally good agreement was found, provided that consideration was given to the presence of chlorophyllide a and allomers of chlorophyll a as determined by the HPLC methods. The rapid HPLC method (10 min per sample) is recommended as a convenient and accurate alternative to traditional methods for chlorophylls. 2017-09-15T13:28:59Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/bohn_determination_2004 Chlorophyll analysis at high precision and accuracy is limited by the lack of suitable, commercially available internal standards for HPLC analysis. Here, the commercially available dye zinc-phthalocyanine is presented as a new internal standard to quantify chlorophylls in vegetable foods and to detect chlorophyll degradation products. The technique was applied to chlorophyll analysis of a selection of vegetable foods. Pigments were extracted with N,N-dimethylformamide from the vegetables and purified by solid phase extraction. Chlorophyll a, a', b, b', corresponding pheophytins, and zinc-phthalocyanine were separated by HPLC using a C-18 reverse-phase column and fluorescence detection. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2017-05-17T12:29:17Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/esaka_development_1982 The development of premolar tooth germs in dogs, particularly their rotation and crowding, was examined on radiographs, dissected specimens of tooth germs, serial sections stained by Masson-Goldner's technique and reconstructed models. The materials used were the mandibles of 32 puppies from birth to 6 months, and the species was a highly pedigreed Shiba Inu which has no crowding of the premolars in the mature stage. The results obtained are as follows. (1) Rotations and crowdings of premolars, similar to those in brachygnathus dogs and wolves raised in captivity, were observed during ontogenesis of dolichocephalic dogs, whose adult state exhibits no crowding of teeth. (2) The type of rotation was B (the mesial portion is rotated buccally) for the second and third premolars and L (the mesial portion lingually) for the fourth premolar. (3) The rotations of the premolars did not coincide with those of their deciduous predecessors. (4) These rotations appeared in the bud and cap stages of premolars, before the formation of roots of deciduous molars. The premolars developed crowding at 5 months when they increased in dimension. 2017-06-22T13:28:03Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/vliet-lanoe_dynamics_1989 A paleoclimate sequence and a map of the successive extensions of the permafrost during the different stages of the Weichselian is proposed on the basis of cryopedological and paleopedological data. This work shows the existence of two periglacial cycles within the Weichselian; both are characterized by later permafrost in the oceanic provinces of Europe, compared with northern France and Belgium. Explanations are given for the origin of the Pomeranian and Dryas stadials. 2017-07-13T12:42:49Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/pimiento_early_2013 The newly described chondrichthyan fauna of the early Miocene Culebra Formation of Panama provides insight into the marine vertebrates occupying shallow seas adjacent to the Central American Seaway, prior to the rise of the Isthmus of Panama. This study takes advantage of a time-limited and unique opportunity to recover fossil from renewed excavations of the Panama Canal. The chondrichthyan fauna of the Culebra Formation is composed of teeth and vertebral centra representing 12 taxa. The species found possessed a cosmopolitan tropical and warm-temperate distribution during the early Neogene and are similar to other assemblages of the tropical eastern Pacific and southern Caribbean. The taxa described suggest a neritic environment, and is in contrast with other interpretations that proposed bathyal water depths for the upper member of the Culebra Formation. The wide depth range of the most common species, Carcharocles chubutensis, and the habitat preference of Pristis sp., suggests varied marine environments, from deep, to shallow waters, close to emerged areas of the evolving isthmus. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2017-10-05T09:01:55Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/ohba_ecological_1959 2018-01-12T10:24:04Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/jones_ecology_1997 Quantitative sampling for the genus Eurydice (Isopoda: Cirolanidae) was conducted on 25 sand beach sites along the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Five species were recorded intertidally: Eurydice affinis, E. pulchra, E. naylori sp. nov., E. lusitaniensis sp. nov. and E. spinigera. Physical data collected were used to construct an index of exposure to rank each site. The distribution of intertidal Eurydice sp. is described in relation to exposure to wave action and to tidal level. Peak abundance of E. affinis, E. pulchra and E. naylori occurred most frequently between mean high water neap (MHWN) and mean tide level (MTL). Whilst E. affinis occurred over a wide range of exposure, E. naylori exhibited a marked preference for exposed sites and E. pulchra was only recorded from sheltered and semi-exposed sites. Surf plankton collections revealed the presence of E. lusitaniensis, but as only two specimens were collected, its ecology remains unknown. The zoogeographical distribution of the genus on North Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts is briefly reviewed. 2017-07-13T12:11:15Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/bjork_efficiencies_1999 A novel method was used to estimate assimilation efficiencies (AEs) of dissolved and food associated PCBs (IUPAC 31, 49, and 153) by the Baltic Sea blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). Mussels were exposed to radiolabeled PCBs in a series of shortterm toxicokinetic experiments at different algal food concentrations, both at apparent steady-state (ASS) and non-steady-state (NSS) conditions in respect to PCB partitioning between water and algae. The PCB AEs were calculated using a physiologically based bioaccumulation model where experimentally determined uptake and exposure rates at ASS and NSS conditions were combined into linear equation systems, which were solved for PCB AE from water and food. A positive relationship between PCB uptake and algae clearance by the mussels was observed for all three PCBs. The PCB AEs from both water and food increased with congener hydrophobicity (octanol/water partition coefficient [K-ow]), but AEs decreased with increases in water pumping and filtration rate of the mussels, respectively. The average contribution of food-associated PCB to the total uptake also increased with K-ow from approximately 30\% for PCB 31 and PCB 49 to 50\% for PCB 153, mainly as a consequence of increased sorption to the algal food. 2017-10-04T13:26:07Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/yost_environmental_2007 Process descriptors were determined for picric acid, TNT, and the TNT-related compounds 2,4DNT, 2,6DNT, 2ADNT, 4ADNT, 2,4DANT, 2,6DANT, TNB and DNB in marine sediment slurries. Three marine sediments of various physical characteristics (particle size ranging from 15 to 90\% fines and total organic carbon ranging from 0. 10 to 3.60\%) were kept in suspension with 20 ppt saline water. Concentrations of TNT and its related compounds decreased immediately upon contact with the marine sediment slurries, with aqueous concentrations slowly declining throughout the remaining test period. Sediment-water partition coefficients could not be determined for these compounds since solution phase concentrations were unstable. Kinetic rates and half-lives were influenced by the sediment properties, with the finer grained, higher organic carbon sediment being the most reactive. Aqueous concentrations of picric acid were very stable, demonstrating little partitioning to the sediments. Degradation to picramic acid was minimal, exhibiting concentrations at or just above the detection limit. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 2017-05-29T09:10:09Z ArticleReference https://library.naturalsciences.be/pdfs-on-demand/pdfs-on-demand/fernandez_estimation_1985 The implications of bias due to previous inbreeding of parents and genotype x environmental interaction on narrow sense heritability (h(2)) estimates by parent-offspring regression are enumerated. To remove the bias caused by genotype x environment interaction, an analysis of covariance model could be used. In special cases, where phenotypic expression is a result of two organisms interacting, such as in symbiotic N2 fixation, an analysis of covariance model with a test of heterogeneity of slopes is recommended. When host genotype x strain interactions are significant, separate heritability estimates for each strain are suggested to take advantage of genotype x strain interaction, which may be a major factor contributing to the expression of N2 fixation traits. 2017-07-07T09:36:00Z ArticleReference